How to Read a Check Engine Light Code

Did the check engine light (CEL) recent turn on in your car? Modern-day automobiles are designed with a central computer known as an electronic control unit (ECU). When the ECU detects a problem -- failing catalytic converter, loose gap cap, overheating engine, failing sensor, etc. -- it may trigger the CEL, indicating that you need to have the vehicle serviced.

CELs are typically accompanied with a specific code specifying what caused it, known as a diagnostics trouble code (DTC). Therefore, you drivers can often identify problems with their vehicles without taking it to a mechanic. In order to do so, however, you'll need an OBD II-compliant diagnostics reader (for vehicles manufactured after 1996), and you'll need to know how to use it.

Buy the Diagnostics Tool

You can buy a diagnostics tool either online or at your local auto parts store, the former of which is typically cheaper. Alternatively, you can take your car to an auto parts store and ask to borrow their diagnostics tool. Most auto parts stores will either read the code for your, or they'll allow you to use it. Being that diagnostics tool are inexpensive, however, it's usually a good idea to go ahead and buy one. That way, you won't have to limp your car to the nearest auto parts store if your CEL comes on.

Assuming your vehicle was manufactured after 1996, you'll need an OBD-II diagnostics tool. For vehicles manufacturer before 1996, you'll need an OBD-1 tool.

How to Use the Diagnostics Tool

While different diagnostics tools have different specifications, most are used in the same manner: you plug the tool into your car's 16-pin connector, which is typically located under the driver's-side dash (around the steering wheel). Depending on the make and model, however, some vehicles may require the removal of a panel to access this connector. If you cannot find the OBD-II connector, refer to your vehicle's owner manual.

With your car's engine turned off, plug the diagnostics tool into the 16-pin connector. Next, turn the ignition to give it power but keeping the engine off in the process. This should begin the scanning process, during which the diagnostics tool will scan your car's ECU for DTCs. If it finds any DTCs, it will reveal them on the display. Be sure to write down these codes and store them in a safe location, as some DTCs may disappear.

Once you've identified the DTCs causing your CEL to turn on, research them online to pinpoint the problem. Using this information, you can fix your car and remove the CEL.